Perfida - the Perfidian Language. Basic Vocabulary and Brief Notes on Grammar

 

 

You're going to learn Perfidian?

Navi gruna taka miro hofa?

(Translation: Which mountain has a lake on top? Perfidian expression of incredulity)

 

Notes on basic Perfidian grammar

The literary form of Perfida is referred to as Old High Central Perfidian. It was compounded from the main dialects of old Perfida, ie Sara, Danfelgorian and Estasean, as a lingua franca, and as such was deliberately made simpler than the dialects. It does not seem to have ever replaced the dialects as the everyday speech of ordinary people, however. Below are some of the very basic rules of OHCP.

Since the subject and object of the sentence are marked by case endings (nominative and accusative), nouns can appear in any order. The order the nouns in a sentence is often used for emphasis.

Adjectives are compounded with nouns in all cases, as in vadibaki "blue book".

The main verb can appear anywhere in the sentence, and is often placed to emphasise meaning.

Plural forms and case endings  of nouns are as shown at the top of the relevant noun tables below.

Tense endings of verbs are as shown at the top of the relevant verb tables below.

Except for the verb “to be”, verbs do not conjugate, ie. there are no endings to indicate the person of the verb. “I run” = “he run”, for example.

Nouns and/or adjectives are compounded to form longer, more complex nouns - eg. baikuksaine “wet sand”, baikokaimo “river island”.

There is no genitive case, and possession is indicated by compounding two nouns as in Gorinpirto "Gorin's beer".

LIterary or more formal versions of some words are indicated in the tables above - these should be used only in the correct context to avoid sounding stilted or outdated.

 

Perfidian Orthography   -

Letters used in Old High Central Perfida - [b,d,f,g,h,k,l,m,n,p,r,s,t,v,st,dj,dr,ks, and a,e,i,o,u].

Some loanwords may employ other letters, as do dialects.

 

 

Basic Perfidian Vocabulary

Nouns  - (for plural add -n)  (These forms are nominative, for accusative add -at)

Definite article gi, indefinite article y.

Eg. - “Gi baki” the book, “y baki” a book. “Gi bakin” the books.

NB - nouns are compounded, eg “Gi bakidaro” the library (lit. the bookhouse)

 

1. baki (book)
2. daro (house)
3. felu (flower)
4. gome (river)
5. huni (moon)
6. kaso (tree)
7. lipa (mountain)
8. masi (table)
9. noru (bread)
10. pira (fish)
11. ruso (road)
12. soka (fruit)
13. tinu (stone)
14. vade (sky)
15. stamu (star)
16. djalon (garden)
17. drava (forest)
18. kseto (sand)
19. bari (fire)
20. dela (city)
21. foku (light)
22. gavi (animal)
23. homi (child)
24. kema (sea)
25. luna (window)
26. moji (door)
27. naki (knife)
28. pomu (apple)
29. rodi (ring)
30. saru (cloud)
31. tori (bird)
32. vilo (village)
33. stasro (mirror)
34. djesu (lake)
35. drako (dragon)
36. kseno (forest)
37. biso (island)
38. dame (path)
39. fari (dream)
40. gora (mountain)

Drinks

1. Water: adjua
2. Wine: feino
3. Beer: pirto
4. Milk: nilu
5. Yogurt: yoku

Meats

1. Beef: rekau
2. Chicken: toku
3. Pork: niko
4. Lamb: lani
5. Fish: bisk

Fish Dishes

1. Grilled Fish: biskari
2. Fried Fish: biskata
3. Fish Soup: bitupa
4. Fish Stew: bistua
5. Smoked Fish: biskanu

Other Foods

1. Bread: noru
2. Cheese: kesu
3. Butter: bati
4. Egg: ogo
5. Fruit: soka
6. Vegetable: legu
7. Rice: rivea
8. Pasta: fasdo
9. Soup: fupa
10. Salad: falaka
11. Sandwich: fanwi
12. Pie: paya
13. Cake: gegu
14. Honey: honi
15. Juice: juka

 

Nouns regarding agriculture

• Farm: vamu

• Field: sako

• Crop: grodu

• Harvest: harsi

• Plant: blanda

• Seed: sido

• Soil: foli

• Garden: homi

• Orchard: aruka

• Fruit: soka

• Vegetable: leguo

• Cultivate: gultifao

• Plow: blauku

• Sow: faugo

• Reap: stipu

• Prune: brunie

• Vineyard: seinari

• Grape: krebu

• Vine: sainu

• Wine: seino

• Grapevine: krebusainu

• Trellis: deoli

• Winery: seinofa

• Graft: Krafku

• Mulch: nulka

Nouns relating to military matters

• Patoa (battle)

• Fondo (soldier)

• Orpas (arms, weapons)

• Djuerie (war)

• Marna (armor)

• Tredo (troop)

• Lanja (rank)

• Esfera (sphere, sphere of influence)

• Pledo (platoon)

• Vortigo (fortress)

• Patali (battalion)

• Geafal (cavalry)

• Gera (gear)

• Trima (drill)

• Otifi (officer)

• Djenea (military leader)

• Sakti (tactics)

• Tsrateja (strategy)

• Bevefa (defense)

• Sitori (victory)

• Droso (troop)

• Heanu (land)

• Bavino (navy)

• Oedagao (attack)

• Ondu (ambush)

• Viju (siege)

• Sgodu(scout)

• Trespo (trench)

Nouns regarding emotions

• Baldi (happiness)

• Drako (sadness)

• Gremo (anger)

• Navi (fear)

• Lisko (love)

• Sakti (hate)

• Vostu (joy)

• Prene (surprise)

• Rosto (disgust)

• Meldi (trust)

• Fanu (anticipation)

• Harvi (calm)

• Djoti (excitement)

• Krefu (envy)

• Solmu (loneliness)

• Tavi (pride)

• Mako (shame)

• Bleno (guilt)

• Deiku (hope)

• Gralo (despair)

• Kentu (compassion)

• Rostu (contentment)

• Festi (frustration)

• Blenu (boredom)

• Dremo (relief)

• Vekti (curiosity)

• Pritu (regret)

• Lanku (gratitude)

• Stano (anxiety)

• Holvi (confusion)

Words for people -

• Man: Huro

• Woman: Wira

• Child: Kida

• Worker: Labra

• Homosexual: Hoko

• Prostitute: Nara

• Coward: Rufu

• Hero: Balko

• Leader: Draka

• Teacher: Mirto

• Doctor: Heko

• Farmer: Farmo

• Merchant: Tratso

• Soldier: Vasko

• Artist: Krivo

• Musician: Sona

• Writer: Lako

• Thief: Kato

• Priest: Mako

• Judge: Jano

• Lawyer: Kavo

• Engineer: Tseka

• Scientist: Loro

• Pilot: Vilo

• Chef: Djuko

• Driver: Rano

• Police: Tsardo

• Firefighter: Bruna

• Nurse: Sila

• Student: Letno

 

Relationships -

• Father: Dafur

• Mother: Mala

• Son: Bani

• Daughter: Banja

• Brother: Brato

• Sister: Siva

• Husband: Jarfo

• Wife: Faiva

• Parent: Karni

• Child: Heido

• Grandfather: Hrada

• Grandmother: Hrama

• Grandson: Hrani

• Granddaughter: Hranda

• Uncle: Dakno

• Aunt: Denta

• Nephew: Mevo

• Niece: Meva

• Cousin: Kafni

• Friend: Frelo

• Companion: Komra

• Neighbor: Mabro

• Relative: Kelto

• Partner: Patri

• Boyfriend: Bairo

• Girlfriend: Gairo

• In-law: Ilano

• Fiancé: Fano

• Fiancée: Fania

• Acquaintance: Akira

Words about buildings -

• City: Tora

• Town: Danu

• Village: Tilna

• Road: Roka

• Street: Stran

• Building: Bardo

• House: Haka

• Apartment: Kipra

• Office: Ovran

• School: Skavo

• Hospital: Hovak

• Market: Barku

• Shop: Shavi

• Restaurant: Pestu

• Park: Parnu

• Bridge: Pruku

• Library: Shibra

• Museum: Muska

• Church: Chara

• Temple: Chemro

• Palace: Pardo

• Castle: Gaskra

• Tower: Gowan

• Factory: Varda

• Warehouse: Varo

• Theater: Toebra

• Cinema: Tsinro

• Stadium: Crano

• Plaza: Planu

• Square: Skando

Words for animals -

• Dog: Ruko

• Cat: Fala

• Horse: Mirta

• Cow: Napu

• Sheep: Shalu

• Pig: Difu

• Chicken: Kipo

• Duck: Tuvka

• Goat: Meko

• Rabbit: Nibu

• Lion: Riku

• Tiger: Gorta

• Bear: Ubra

• Wolf: Valu

• Elephant: Gramo

• Deer: Zano

• Fox: Riba

• Monkey: Simo

• Zebra: Vitra

• Giraffe: Tanira

• Kangaroo: Makra

• Panda: Dako

• Koala: Jola

• Leopard: Kranu

• Cheetah: Sikra

• Hippo: Gurno

• Rhinoceros: Hordo

• Squirrel: Frino

• Bat: Tuka

• Eagle: Skira

 

Words for trees and plants -

• Tree: Drona

• Plant: Flara

• Flower: Proma

• Grass: Tavi

• Leaf: Leko

• Root: Rano

• Stem: Stilo

• Branch: Praka

• Fruit: Vrutsca

• Seed: Sega

• Oak: Kuvo

• Pine: Nora

• Maple: Mara

• Birch: Brino

• Willow: Lika

• Cedar: Sendo

• Palm: Palo

• Bamboo: Dunro

• Fern: Faro

• Moss: Meko

• Vine: Vano

• Cactus: Katro

• Bush: Buna

• Herb: Herlo

• Shrub: Shura

• Lily: Lino

• Rose: Rasa

• Tulip: Tufa

• Daisy: Dasi

• Ivy: Ilo

 

Words for geographical features -

• Mountain: Gruna

• Hill: Tavo

• River: Lina

• Lake: Miro

• Sea: Savu

• Ocean: Durka

• Forest: Nival

• Desert: Fano

• Valley: Breno

• Plain: Talu

• Island: Iroka

• Beach: Lavo

• Cliff: Stavi

• Cave: Karu

• Waterfall: Dravo

• Glacier: Fritu

• Volcano: Trima

• Canyon: Rako

• Swamp: Dreno

• Bay: Bara

• Peninsula: Lirto

• Reef: Sporo

• Coast: Ranta

• Field: Krapa

• Meadow: Pleno

• Jungle: Fralo

• Dune: Suno

• Stream: Viko

• Gorge: Kreno

• Tundra: Mavra

Words for weapons -

• Sword: Draku

• Knife: Niko

• Spear: Stira

• Bow: Bano

• Arrow: Ano

• Axe: Katso

• Shield: Tshada

• Gun: Grafo

• Bullet: Pulta

• Bomb: Polimo

• Cannon: Grano

• Dagger: Tadro

• Mace: Maka

• Club: Glupo

• Lance: Klango

• Slingshot: Fiko

• Crossbow: Kravo

• Whip: Stipo

• Grenade: Krana

• Rocket: Pakta

• Missile: Nisto

• Blade: Plago

• Halberd: Halva

• Trident: Grida

• Flail: Vlargo

• Scythe: Sifto

• Hammer: Charmo

• Blowgun: Bluko

• Net: Tseto

• Taser: Tavlea

Words for music -

• Music: Sonra

• Song: Larik

• Melody: Melrin

• Rhythm: Ritka

• Harmony: Haruna

• Note: Botri

• Chord: Chorla

• Beat: Bitna

• Tune: Dunir

• Orchestra: Orkvi

• Band: Panos

• Singer: Sanir

• Composer: Gompir

• Conductor: Kudrin

• Instrument: Omstrav

• Guitar: Kitati

• Piano: Binor

• Violin: Filron

• Drum: Tromir

• Flute: Flirin

• Trumpet: Tramir

• Saxophone: Fakno

• Cello: Telrin

• Bass: Pasur

• Clarinet: Slarin

• Harp: Karik

• Oboe: Ubir

• Trombone: Dromik

• Cymbal: Gymir

• Lyric: Chelrik

Simple Verbs  (for past add -gh, for future add -tio)

 

To Be (highly irregular - the only verb which conjugates)

Present Tense:

1. I am: misti
2. Thou art: tisti
3. He/She/It is: li/si/nisti
4. We are: mivasti
5. You are: tivasti
6. They are: livasti

Past Tense:

1. I was: mistiva
2. Thou wast: tistiva
3. He/She/It was: li/si/nistiva
4. We were: mivastiva
5. You were: tivastiva
6. They were: livastiva

Future Tense:

1. I will be: mistilo
2. Thou wilt be: tistilo
3. He/She/It will be: li/si/nistilo
4. We will be: mivastilo
5. You will be: tivastilo
6. They will be: livastilo

 

Modal verbs - (for past add -gh, for future add -tio)

• Gano (can)

• Nado (must)

• Favo (should)

• Viro (will)

• Deko (might)

• Vono (would)

• Loto (could)

• Pano (may)

• Sharo (have to)

• Teko (ought to)

• Beko (need to)

• Fano (shall)

• Rato (ought)

• Zeko (dare to)

• Javo (used to)

• Mavo (wish to)

• Kavo (intend to)

• Yoto (prefer to)

• Lino (expect to)

• Qano (able to)

Simple Verbs  (for past add -gh, for future add -tio)

1. baka (to read)

1. dera (to build)
2. feli (to bloom)
3. gomu (to flow)
4. huni (to shine)
5. kasa (to grow)
6. lipa (to climb)
7. masi (to sit)
8. noru (to eat)
9. pira (to swim)
10. ruso (to travel)
11. soka (to pick)
12. tinu (to throw)
13. vade (to fly)
14. stami (to sleep)
15. djalo (to plant)
16. dravi (to hunt)
17. kseta (to build)
18. bari (to burn)
19. dela (to work)
20. foku (to illuminate)
21. gavi (to move)
22. homi (to teach)
23. kema (to sail)
24. luna (to look)
25. moji (to open)
26. naki (to cut)
27. pomu (to bite)
28. rodi (to wear)
29. saru (to float)
30. tori (to fly)
31. vilo (to rest)
32. staso (to reflect)
33. djesu (to swim)
34. drako (to fly)
35. kseni (to hide)
36. biso (to visit)
37. dami (to walk)
38. fari (to dream)
39. goro (to hike)

Adjectives

1. baku (bright)
2. dari (strong)
3. feli (beautiful)
4. gomu (calm)
5. huni (shiny)
6. kasi (tall)
7. lipu (steep)
8. mase (flat)
9. noru (fresh)
10. pira (wet)
11. roso (smooth)
12. soka (sweet)
13. tini (hard)
14. vadi (blue)
15. stami (quiet)
16. djari (green)
17. draku (dark)
18. kseta (yellow)
19. bari (hot)
20. dela (big)
21. foku (bright)
22. gavi (fast)
23. homi (small)
24. kema (deep)
25. luna (clear)
26. moji (wide)
27. naki (sharp)
28. pomu (round)
29. rodi (thin)
30. saru (soft)
31. tori (swift)
32. vilo (peaceful)
33. staso (reflective)
34. djari (cool)
35. draku (mysterious)
36. kseti (rough)
37. biso (isolated)
38. dami (narrow)
39. fari (dreamy)
40. goro (rugged)

Colours -

1. Rasko (red)
2. Plivo (blue)
3. Kremi (green)
4. Yundo (yellow)
5. Burki (purple)
6. Erano (orange)
7. Pramo (brown)
8. Djrisi (gray)
9. Tinguo (pink)
10. Prako (black)
11. Albito (white)
12. Prolde (gold)
13. Firvi (silver)

Advanced Nouns (for plural add -rn). Definite and indefinite articles as verbs in first table. (These are nominative, for accusative add -at)

1. vira (fire)
2. gomu (earth)
3. hake (wind)
4. kilo (song)
5. lumo (lamp)
6. mida (friend)
7. nusa (dream)
8. pavo (feather)
9. rima (hand)
10. sako (field)
11. tela (cloth)
12. vima (vision)
13. staro (star)
14. djan (sound)
15. drigo (forest)
16. ksalu (wave)
17. bale (berry)
18. deko (story)
19. famu (family)
20. guro (hill)
21. hosa (hole)
22. kima (gift)
23. lama (bridge)
24. moro (tree)
25. nefa (leaf)
26. peko (path)
27. ruva (night)
28. sofa (snow)
29. tomi (boat)
30. voka (voice)
31. stapi (rock)
32. djavu (tower)
33. druva (village)
34. ksoro (fog)
35. boli (ring)
36. duni (town)
37. feki (tool)
38. gima (journey)
39. havo (shadow)
40. kumi (key)

Advanced Verbs (for past add -ks, for future add -reo)

1. huki (to jump)
2. kivo (to sing)
3. lupa (to light)
4. midi (to help)
5. nuku (to sleep)
6. pavi (to fly)
7. rimi (to touch)
8. saka (to play)
9. telo (to weave)
10. vimi (to see)
11. stari (to shine)
12. djano (to hear)
13. drigi (to protect)
14. ksali (to surf)
15. bali (to pick)
16. deko (to tell)
17. famu (to hug)
18. guri (to climb)
19. hosa (to dig)
20. kima (to give)
21. lama (to cross)
22. moro (to grow)
23. nefa (to fall)
24. peko (to walk)
25. ruva (to rest)
26. sofa (to freeze)
27. tomi (to sail)
28. voka (to speak)
29. stapi (to build)
30. djavi (to stand)
31. druva (to visit)
32. ksori (to hide)
33. boli (to rotate)
34. duni (to discover)
35. feki (to use)
36. gimi (to travel)
37. havo (to shade)
38. kumi (to unlock)

Adjectives

1. fira (hot)
2. goka (green)
3. huki (high)
4. kivo (melodic)
5. lupi (bright)
6. midi (kind)
7. nuku (quiet)
8. pavi (feathery)
9. rima (soft)
10. sako (vast)
11. telo (woven)
12. vimi (clear)
13. stari (luminous)
14. djano (audible)
15. drigi (safe)
16. ksali (wavy)
17. bali (small)
18. deko (legendary)
19. famu (loving)
20. guri (steep)
21. hosa (hollow)
22. kima (precious)
23. lama (arched)
24. moro (tall)
25. nefa (falling)
26. peko (narrow)
27. ruva (dark)
28. sofa (cold)
29. tomi (floating)
30. voka (loud)
31. stapi (solid)
32. djavi (upright)
33. druva (welcoming)
34. ksori (foggy)
35. boli (round)
36. duni (bustling)
37. feki (useful)
38. gimi (distant)
39. havo (dim)
40. kumi (secure)

 

Third category Nouns (for plural add -nd)  Definite article io, Indefinite article y. (These are nominative, for accusative add -at)

1. baiko (river)
2. deinu (child)
3. faiko (market)
4. geira (forest)
5. hoima (garden)
6. kaimo (island)
7. laine (mountain)
8. meilu (village)
9. noira (moon)
10. paile (fruit)
11. reika (fire)
12. soima (cloud)
13. teino (path)
14. veiru (star)
15. staini (rock)
16. djouna (flower)
17. draika (shadow)
18. ksaine (sand)
19. baiku (ring)
20. deira (light)
21. feinu (animal)
22. goira (hill)
23. hauki (bridge)
24. keino (song)
25. luima (dream)
26. moira (tree)
27. naiku (leaf)
28. poika (boat)
29. ruike (night)
30. seima (snow)
31. taiko (feather)
32. vaiko (voice)
33. steino (mirror)
34. djouna (lake)
35. draike (mountain)
36. ksainu (wave)
37. baine (forest)
38. deimu (dream)
39. feina (story)
40. goira (path)

Third category Verbs (for past add -vio, for future add -go). 

1. baike (to swim)
2. deinu (to teach)
3. faiku (to sell)
4. geira (to grow)
5. hoima (to plant)
6. kaimu (to sail)
7. laine (to climb)
8. meilu (to see)
9. noira (to shine)
10. paile (to pick)
11. reika (to burn)
12. soima (to float)
13. teino (to walk)
14. veiru (to shine)
15. staini (to build)
16. djouna (to bloom)
17. draika (to shadow)
18. ksaine (to sand)
19. baiku (to ring)
20. deira (to light)
21. feinu (to move)
22. goira (to hike)
23. hauki (to bridge)
24. keino (to sing)
25. luima (to dream)
26. moira (to grow)
27. naiku (to fall)
28. poika (to float)
29. ruike (to rest)
30. seima (to freeze)
31. taiko (to fly)
32. vaiko (to speak)
33. steino (to reflect)
34. djouna (to swim)
35. draike (to hike)
36. ksainu (to wave)
37. baine (to explore)
38. deimu (to dream)
39. feina (to narrate)
40. goira (to travel)

Adjectives

1. baiko (wet)
2. deinu (bright)
3. faiko (busy)
4. geira (tall)
5. hoima (green)
6. kaimo (isolated)
7. laine (steep)
8. meilu (clear)
9. noira (bright)
10. paile (sweet)
11. reika (hot)
12. soima (soft)
13. teino (smooth)
14. veiru (bright)
15. staini (solid)
16. djouna (beautiful)
17. draika (dark)
18. ksaine (coarse)
19. baiku (round)
20. deira (radiant)
21. feinu (quick)
22. goira (rugged)
23. hauki (arched)
24. keino (melodic)
25. luima (dreamy)
26. moira (tall)
27. naiku (falling)
28. poika (floating)
29. ruike (dark)
30. seima (frosty)
31. taiko (light)
32. vaiko (loud)
33. steino (reflective)
34. djouna (flowing)
35. draike (mysterious)
36. ksainu (wavy)
37. baine (wooded)
38. deimu (dreamy)
39. feina (legendary)
40. goira (far)

Personal Pronouns   (These are nominative, for accusative add -st)

I: mir  (pronounced “mere”)

Thou (archaic form of "you" singular): tir  (“tier”)

He: lir   (“lear”)

She: si   (“see”)

It: ni   (“knee”)

We: miva   (“meeva”)

You (plural): tiva   (“teeva”)

They: liva   (“leeva”)

 

Conjunctions

• And: ke

• But: sa

• Or: va

• Because: mu

• If: na

• Although: seke

• While: tona

• When: ka

• Since: dara

• So: foa

• As: ta

• Though: sas

• Until: tilir

• Unless: nasa

• Whether: vara

• Before: fora

• After: rita

• Then: eta

• Where: va

• Yet: sta

Prepositions -

Everyday prepositions

• ba (to)

• de (of)

• fi (in)

• ge (with)

• ho (on)

• ka (at)

• lo (by)

• me (from)

• ni (into)

• po (for)

• ru (up)

• sa (down)

• te (out)

• vi (about)

• sta (after)

• da (before)

• tu (between)

• ro (under)

• si (over)

• bo (through)

These prepositions are slightly formal/archaic and mainly used in literary contexts -

nes (meaning "beside")

tau (meaning "through")

aro (meaning "around")

sien (meaning "below")

puit (meaning "beyond")

orat (meaning "before"   

Further  literary prepositions

• sepo (above)

• niro (below)

• tapu (beside)

• nare (beyond)

• eris (around)

• atui (through)

• osan (within)

• rane (under)

• sita (near)

• puri (before)

 

Question words -

• How: Heki

• When: Wari

• Why: Deko

• Where: Kara

• What: Tani

• Who: Ruva

• Which: Navi

• How much: Hemu

• How many: Hemni

• How long: Helon

• How far: Hefar

• How often: Hevra

• How old: Helda

• How big : Hebro

• How small Hesmo

Numbers -

• One: Nako

• Two: Davi

• Three: Trano

• Four: Feku

• Five: Fiko

• Six: Sego

• Seven: Suno

• Eight: Otsa

• Nine: Mieno

• Ten: Deka

• Eleven: Dekna

• Twelve: Dekdi

• Thirteen: Dekra

• Fourteen: Dekfu

• Fifteen: Dekfi

• Sixteen: Dekse

• Seventeen: Deksu

• Eighteen: Dekok

• Nineteen: Dekni

• Twenty: Davi-Deka

• Hundred: Sendo

• Thousand: Nilo

 

Some common Perfidian names

Male Names

• Barek

• Darak

• Peliks

• Gorin

• Harun

• Kaido

• Larek

• Marik

• Molan

• Bafel

• Rorin

• Sarik

• Tarek

• Valen

• Skevn

• Djarek

• Drako

• Ksenon

• Belan

• Denar

Female Names

• Baela

• Danie

• Felia

• Iiana

• Halia

• Kaela

• Liana

• Narina

• Nina

• Paela

• Raina

• Sovia

• Tiana

• Viana

• Stella

• Djuna

• Drina

• Ksena

• Pellae

• Djelie

 

Some typical Perfidian idioms -

 

• "To chase the wind"

• Meaning: To pursue something unattainable or futile.

• Literal Translation: Man chases the wind.

• "To have dogs in the fire"

• Meaning: To have many projects or activities underway.

• Literal Translation: Two dogs in the fire.

• "To see through the water"

• Meaning: To understand a hidden truth or see through deception.

• Literal Translation: Monkey sees through the water.

• "To walk on the sun"

• Meaning: To do something extremely difficult or impossible.

• Literal Translation: Which walks on the sun.

• "To catch a falling leaf"

• Meaning: To seize an opportunity quickly and skillfully.

• Literal Translation: Who catches the falling leaf.

• "To dance with the shadows"

• Meaning: To engage in something mysterious or secretive.

• Literal Translation: Woman dances with the shadows.

• "To drink the moonlight"

• Meaning: To enjoy a peaceful and serene moment.

• Literal Translation: What drinks the moonlight.

• "To weave the sky"

• Meaning: To create something magnificent or complex.

• Literal Translation: Weaver weaves the sky.

• "To ride the storm"

• Meaning: To face challenges bravely.

• Literal Translation: Horse rides the storm.

• "To light a mountain"

• Meaning: To achieve the impossible.

• Literal Translation: Light lights a mountain.

 

Advanced idioms -

• "To climb the oak"

• Meaning: To overcome a significant challenge.

•  Two climbs the oak.

• "To bloom in the shadow of the birch"

•  Meaning: To thrive or succeed despite adversity.

• Literal Translation: Flower blooms in the shadow of the birch.

• "To plant seeds in the wind"

•  Meaning: To engage in a futile or pointless endeavor.

• Literal Translation: Plant seed in the wind.

• "To gather moss on the tree trunk"

•  Meaning: To wait patiently for something to happen.

• Literal Translation: Moss gathers on the tree trunk.

• "To dance with the lily"

•  Meaning: To engage in something graceful or elegant.

• Literal Translation: Teacher dances with the lily.

• "To speak with the voice of the rose"

•  Meaning: To speak with eloquence or beauty.

• Literal Translation: Priest speaks with the voice of the rose.

• "To be in the shade of the palm"

•  Meaning: To relax or take a break.

• Literal Translation: Doctor rests under the shade.

• "To climb the mountain of knowledge"

• Meaning: To pursue education or enlightenment.

• Literal Translation: Two climbs the mountain of learning.

• "To swim against the river"

• Meaning: To go against prevailing trends or opinions.

• Literal Translation: Monkey swims against the river.

• "To plant flowers in the heart of winter"

•  Meaning: To find hope or positivity in difficult circumstances.

• Literal Translation: Plant flower in the heart of winter.

 

• "To wait for water"

• Literal Translation: Doctor waits for water, but lawyer swims.

• Meaning: It is wise to be patient and wait for the right opportunity, even if others rush into action.
• "To return to my trees"
• Meaning : To return to something that is familiar.

      "Who taught the stone to lie?"

      Meaning: Who created this, whose idea was this?

 

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